A specialized environmental observatory warned of the severe repercussions of worsening environmental and climate disasters in Iraq, revealing the monitoring of 15 types of environmental and human challenges that have afflicted the country over the past three decades. An official report clarified that these accumulated issues have led to a severe degradation of ecosystems and a noticeable decline in agricultural production, noting that desertification now threatens approximately 55.5% of the country's area, while degraded lands account for 23.2%. Topping the list of challenges are dangerous phenomena such as drought, dust storms, extreme heatwaves, deterioration of water quality, drying of the marshes, as well as industrial and oil pollution. The report called for the declaration of a climate emergency and the development of strategic national plans to combat desertification, including launching massive afforestation campaigns, modernizing irrigation systems, and forming a specialized supreme committee to mitigate future disaster risks and protect water and food security.